Final Exam Study Guide

1. Explain how to get to the server drives and your folder.
-Double click on server drives. Click on My Computer -> jstudent (T:) -> Photojournalism -> Your class period -> Find your name then click on it then TA DAA :]
2. Explain how we use blogger.com in this class
-Blogger is used to do our assignments that were assigned by teacher. Everything is basically computerized so stuff that we do will be posted on our blogs for everybody to see within the school.
3. Explain the process of creating a pinhole camera
- First you need an oatmeal box, construction papers, black tape, scissors, a sewing pin to poke a hole, a blade, and glue. After you have gathered all the materials that you need then you start making the camera. When making a pinhole camera, you would have its inside covered completely by construction papers. There should be no light shining into it. By doing that, you use tape to tape around the mouth of your cap. After you've done all the above, you use the sewing pin to poke a hole in between the top to the bottom of the box. Use a small piece of construction paper to cover up the hole from the outside. Make it like a flap. After that, your done. Yey!!
4. Explain how the pinhole camera works and how the image is transferred to the paper inside
-As you know, a pinhole camera is a camera that produces black and white images. The hole that you made during the process of making a pinhole camera is for the picture to be captured in daylight. In order to take a picture, you need to place the picture sheet inside with the shiny face facing toward the hole. Then you have to go outside, place your camera on something that it won't move. Open the flap to reveal the hole for a certain amount of time for the picture to be taken. When you open the flap, the light is being captured through the hole and into the picture sheet. After that, you have to process the paper into black and white picture then you're done :D
5. Know how to define and explain the 10 rules of composition, these 10 rules will be a MAJOR portion of the final and you better know how to recognize these rules, explain these rules and show me you understand them:
5a.  Rule of thirds - Rule of thirds is where the subject of your picture is on one of the corners divided by 2 lines horizontally and 3 lines vertically.
5b. Balancing Elements - is when the main subject is balancing with another object from the background
5c. Leading Lines - Lines that lead you toward the main subject through out the whole photo
5d. Symmetry and Patterns (repetition) - is when both sides of the picture are the same when you divide it into half.
5e. Viewpoint - when a photographer capture a picture from the top downward toward the subject or from the bottom upward.
5f. Background/simplicity - Background consists of solid color. Not much details. Basically it has to be simple.
5g. Create depth - When a picture is 3D-ish that it looks like you could step into or out of it. Everything should be focussed.
5h. Framing - When objects or things in the picture surround the main subject
5i. Cropping - When a certain subject is the only thing that's focussed on the picture. Everything else is blurry.
5j. Mergers and avoiding them - are things that block or bug you from looking at the subject such as an arm growing out of a head of a person in the picture.
6. Explain how action and emotion impact a photograph
Action and emotion impact a photo by giving the audience a connection between them and what they are looking at.
7. Explain how a photo can "tell a story"
Details, action, emotion, are all factors in a photo that can give you ideas about what has happened, the story behind it.
8. Explain what the word "multimedia" means and share some examples of how we have seen them in class (on the blog) 
Multimedia is involved with filming, music, movies, anything that is electronic or computerized, maybe? Some examples are videos and pictures.
9. Know how to correctly write a caption. I HIGHLY suggest you rewrite the rules on your blog and find at least 2 photos on the internet, post them on your blog and write correct captions for them. This will be a MAJOR portion of the exam as well.
10. Explain how "strong action" verbs enhance a caption
A strong action verb emphasizes the main point that the caption is making.
11. Explain how ethics come into play in regards to photojournalism and compare and contrast this with fashion photography. You really need to get the idea that changing photos to fit a need or to make something look like something else is VERY unacceptable in photojournalism.
In photojournalism, ethics play an important role because photojournalists are supposed to deliver truths, let the people around know what's going on by providing pictures, information, and news. Fashion photography is a different thing because in fashion, everybody expects the best. For example, no one wants to see a pimple on a model's face in a magazine because they expect a model to be flawless. That's just a common perception. Whereas in photojournalism, photojournalist cant totally change a fact because it affects the community and affects everybody else.
12. Explain the difference between a portrait and a self portrait.
A portrait is a picture taken of someone else and a self-portrait is a picture taken of yourself.
13. Explain what characteristics of a good portrait are.
It would consists of good focus, color effects, photo composition rules and other factors that come along.
14. Explain what the major differences are between newspaper and yearbook.
Newspaper is when news, information, and facts are being delivered through out school community. Students and other people have the opportunity to express their opinions about the school and etc. Yearbook is composed of mainly pictures to keep as history and memories. Sometimes we would want to look  back at those and reminisce.

Definitions you are responsible for (I highly recommend you post these on your blog with the definitions and make sure they are correct, many of the ones you posted on your blog previously were INCORRECT. All definitions need to relate directly to photojournalism. Example: many of you defined burning as "pain that feels hot as if it were on fire" , when the correct answer is "burning- increases the exposure to areas of the print that should be darker."):

1. Aperture - the camera allows you to select the aperture over the available range and have the camera calculate the best shutter speed to expose the image correctly.
2. Shutter - a device that allows light to pass for a determined period of time, for the purpose of exposing photographic film or a light-sensitive electronic sensor to light to capture a permanent image of a scene.
3. Exposure - the total amount of light allowed to fall in the photograhic medium or during the process of taking a photograph.
4. F-stop - A measure of the size of the opening in a lens calibrated to a corresponding focal length.
5. Single lens reflex - A type of camera with one lens which is used both for viewing and for taking the picture. a mirror inside the camera reflects the image up into the viewfinder. When the picture is taken, this mirror moves out of the way,allowing the light entering the lens to travel directly to the film.
6. Negative - a total inversion of a positive image, in which light areas appear dark and vice versa.
7. Positive - having the same rendition of light and shade as in the original scene.
8. Contact sheet - a photographic image produced from film
9. Agitation - keeping a chemical moving
10. Enlarger - a specialized transparency projector used to produce photographic prints for film
11. Stop bath - removes the undeveloped silver iodide from the emulsion (to stop development of the film)
12. Fixer - removes the undeveloped silver iodide from the emulsion
13. Safe light - A filtered light thats used in a darkroom to allow you to see while handling light sensitive material.
14. Burning - increases the exposure to areas of the print that should be darker.
15. Dodging - decreases the exposure for areas of the print that the photographer wishes to be lighter.